EVENTS
- 1609 – Galileo builds an improved telescope after hearing of Hans Lippershey’s invention.
- 1775 – 1st official U.S. flag raising takes place on the navy ship Alfred.
- 1818 – Illinois is admitted as the 21st U.S. state.
- 1910 – First public demonstration of neon lights. Seen in most urban settings and cities today, the neon light was invented by French inventor and engineer, Georges Claude. They were first displayed at the Paris Motor Show.
- 1927 – First Laurel & Hardy movie released. Putting Pants on Philip, a short silent film starring the comedy duo marked the beginning of a long partnership.
- 1931 – British dominions gained complete legislative independence as the Statute of Westminster gave equal status to the dominions of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Ireland, and Newfoundland.
- 1962 – Edith Sampson was sworn in as the first African-American female judge, after she was elected associate judge of the Municipal Court in Chicago.
- 1967 – The first successful heart transplant was performed by Dr. Christiaan Barnard at Cape Town, South African, on Louis Washkansky, who lived for 18 days.
- 1970 – Ayatollah Khomeini takes office. The Iranian religious leader was a leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution.
- 1984 – A deadly gas leak (of methyl isocyanate) at a Union Carbide plant in Bhopal, India, killed at least 3,000 persons and injured more than 200,000.
- 1988 – Barry Sanders wins the Heisman Trophy Award.
- 1993 – Britain’s Princess Diana announced she was stepping out of the public spotlight, desiring more privacy amid unyielding attention from the tabloid press and ‘paparazzi.’
BIRTHDAYS
- 1755 – American portrait painter Charles Stuart (1755-1828) was born near Narragansett, Rhode Island. Best known for his portraits of George Washington, James Madison, James Monroe, and Thomas Jefferson.
- 1826 – George B. McClellan (American general, politician, 24th Governor of New Jersey)
- 1857 – Joseph Conrad (Author)
- 1895 – Anna Freud (Austrian/English psychoanalyst)
- 1948 – Ozzy Osbourne (Rock singer)
- 1968 – Brendan Fraser (Actor)
- 1973 – Holly Marie Combs (Actress)
- 1981 – David Villa (Spanish footballer)
- 1980 – Anna Chlumsky (Actress)
- 1985 – Amanda Seyfried (Actress)
DEATHS
- 311 – Diocletian (Roman emperor)
- 1894 – Robert Louis Stevenson (Scottish author, poet)
- 1910 – Mary Baker Eddy (American writer, founder of Christian Science)
- 1928 – Ezra Meeker (American businessman)
- 1939 – Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll (1928 Ezra Meeker)