EVENTS
- 1870 – The first Vatican Council, also known as Vatican I, decrees the doctrine of Papal infallibility. The doctrine claims that the Pope cannot err when speaking on issues of morality and/ or faith.
First Vatican Council - 1925 – “Mein Kampf” is published. Adolf Hitler’s autobiographical book was written while he served his sentence for treason in prison.
- 1938 – Wrongway Corrigan lands his plane in Ireland (he was supposed to land in California).
- 1947 – President Harry Truman signed an Executive Order determining the line of succession if the president becomes incapacitated or dies in office. Following the vice president, the speaker of the house and president of the Senate are next in succession. This became the 25th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified on February 10, 1967.
- 1968 – The chip processor company Intel is founded.
- 1976 – Nadia Comaneci scores the first perfect 10 in Olympic gymnastics.
- 1993 – Agathe Uwilingiyimana elected as Prime Minister of Rwanda. Rwanda’s only female prime minister’s tenure was cut short when she was assassinated at the outset of the Rwandan genocide.
- 1999 – David Cone pitches a perfect game for the New York Yankees.
- 2013 – Government of Detroit declares bankruptcy. The city, which was up to $20 billion in debt, became the largest municipal entity in the United States to declare bankruptcy.
BIRTHDAYS
- 1635 – Robert Hooke (Scientist)
- 1895 – George Kelly (Gangster nicknamed Machine Gun)
- 1906 – American politician Samuel Hayakawa (1906-1992) was born in Vancouver, British Columbia
- 1913 – Red Skelton (Comedian)
- 1918 – Nelson Mandela (Civil Rights Leader)
- 1921 – John Glenn (Astronaut and US Senator)
- 1940 – Joe Torre (Baseball Manager)
- 1947 – Steve Forbes (Entrepreneur)
Steve Forbes - 1950 – Richard Branson (English businessman, founded Virgin Group)
- 1950 – Jack Layton (Canadian politician)
- 1957 – Nick Faldo (Golfer)
- 1967 – Vin Diesel (Actor)
- 1980 – Kristen Bell (Actress)
DEATHS
- 1792 – John Paul Jones (American navy commander)
- 1817 – Jane Austen (English author)
- 1872 – Benito Juárez (Mexican lawyer, politician, 25th President of Mexico)
Benito Juárez - 1918 – Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine
- 1988 – Nico (German singer-songwriter, model, actress)
