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The Katipunan Revolution of 1896 Facts & Worksheets

Katipunan, in full Kataastaasang Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan, (“Supreme Worshipful Association of the Sons of the People”), is a Filipino nationalist organization founded in 1892 to oppose Spanish rule.

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Katipunan, in full Kataastaasang Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan, (“Supreme Worshipful Association of the Sons of the People”), is a Filipino nationalist organization founded in 1892 to oppose Spanish rule.

See the fact file below for more information on the Katipunan Revolution of 1896 or alternatively, you can download our 27-page The Katipunan Revolution of 1896 worksheet pack to utilise within the classroom or home environment.

Key Facts & Information

SPANISH COLONISATION

  • The colonization of the Philippines rooted from the discovery of Portugese explorer Ferdinand Magellan of the Philippine Islands in 1521.
  • In order to execute its plan to colonize, Miguel López de Legazpi established the first permanent Spanish settlement in Cebu in 1565, which lasted until the 1898 Spanish-American War.
  • In 1571, the city of Manila was founded and by the end of the 16th century Spanish control extended to most of the coastal and lowland areas from Luzon to northern Mindanao.
  • Under the Spanish rule, most Filipinos worked under the colonisers and were called the indios (natives). Besides working as domestics, the Filipinos also worked on farmlands they once owned, but were still obliged to pay taxes.
  • The power of the church and the Spanish colonists further expanded, enjoying wealth and official status. This also provided them the power to abuse the local community especially in its economic systems.
  • Bandala – It required native Filipino farmers to sell their goods to the government at unfair prices.
  • Polo y servicio – It required the forced labor of all Filipino males from 16 to 60 years old for 40-day periods.
  • Encomienda – grant by the crown to a conquistador who could exact tribute from the “Indios” in gold, in kind, or in labour and was required to protect them and instruct them in the Christian faith.
  • Public education in the Philippines was introduced in the 1860s under the church’s curriculum. However, only a fraction of the Filipinos could avail such, especially the higher education.
  • Hence, only the more privileged got to enjoy relative learning while the poorer indios remained uneducated.
  • By the 1880s, many sons of the wealthy families were sent to Europe to study. Witnessing the liberal atmosphere in the continent, these students soon pursued for the reform of Spanish rule in the Philippines.
  • Among the Filipino intellects was Jose Rizal, who formed La Liga Filipina, a political group aiming to call for the country. His actions though alarmed the Spanish authority so he was arrested and exiled.

BIRTH OF THE KATIPUNAN

  • After years of exile, Jose Rizal was executed in Bagumbayan, now Rizal Park, on December 30, 1896. This sparked Filipino patriotism, especially to Andres Bonifacio.
  • Born by poor parents, Bonifacio educated himself and read Rizal’s two famous works.
  • Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not) and El Filibusterismo (The Reign of Greed) became Bonifacio’s inspiration to found KKK or Katipunan.
  • On July 7, 1892, a revolutionary secret society was convened in No. 72 Azcarraga Street. In attendance were Andres Bonifacio, Deodato Arellano, Valentin Diaz, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, Jose Dizon, and a few members of La Liga Filipina.
  • The Kataastaasang Kagalang – Kagalang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan was formed to advocate for freedom from the Spanish rule to be achieved through armed struggle.
  • They also advocated to help the poor and the oppressed, and to teach them good manners, hygiene, and morality.
  • New recruits to the secret society underwent a rigorous initiation process, similar to Masonic practices and would be sworn into secrecy for whatever he has learned about the Katipunan.
  • The organizational structure of the Katipunan spanned three ranks of membership. New members started out as “katipon,” then moved up to “kawal” and eventually to “bayani.”
  • The Leaders of the Katipunan were: Deodato Arellano – Supremo, Ladislao Diwa – Fiscal, Teodora Plata – Secretary, Valentine Diaz – Treasurer, and Andres Bonifacio – Controller.
  • When Andrés Bonifacio assumed control over the organization, the revolution officially began. Filipinos ripped up their tax and citizenship documents at Grito de Balintawak and started fighting throughout Luzon.

THE REVOLUTION

  • Katipunan prepared for the revolution smuggling in weapons from abroad. Secret recruitments were also widespread.
  • Rumors about Katipunan had reached the Spanish authorities, however, no solid evidence could be found to support them.
  • Solid evidence soon emerged when on August 19, 1896 a KKK member, Teodoro Patiño, told his sister Honoria about the existence of the Katipunan.
  • She divulged the secret to Mother Superior, Teresa de Jesus who in turn told about the organization to Fr. Mariano Gíl.
  • Spanish authorities searched the printing office of Diario de Manila where Patiño worked and found a dagger used in Katipunan initiation rites and a list of newly accepted members.
  • This led to a crackdown and arrests of dozens of people, who were forced to go to Fort Santiago for torture and interrogation.
  • When the Katipunan leaders learned of the arrests, they held two meetings and decided to attack Manila on August 29, 1896.
  • However, the Spanish civil guards discovered the meeting and the first battle occurred with the Battle of Pasong Tamo. Bonifacio and his men were forced back after an initial victory.
  • On August 30, the Katipunan once again attacked the 100 Spanish soldiers defending the powder magazine in the Battle of San Juan del Monte or Battle of Pinaglabanan. 152 katipuneros were killed and 200 were taken prisoners.
  • On the same date, revolution also broke out in Caloocan, San Pedro de Tunasan (now Makati City), Pateros, and Taguig.
  • In effect, Gov. Gen. Camilo de Polavieja declared martial law in Manila and the provinces of Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija.
  • From Manila, the Katipunan reached all throughout Batangas, Laguna, Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac, Nueva Ecija, Ilocos Sur, Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Bicol, and Mindanao
  • The “Kakarong Republic” was the first organized revolutionary government established in the country to overthrow the Spaniards. However, the fort was attacked and totally destroyed on January 1, 1897.
  • The rebels had few firearms; only armed with bolo knives and bamboo spears. This is one of the reasons why the Katipuneros suffered more defeats than victories.
  • Just as the war broke out, the Spanish authorities eventually pointed to Jose Rizal as one of the perpetrators of the revolution. Despite denial, he was eventually executed.
  • Other executed/exiled rebels include the 13 martyrs of Cavite (Sept. 1896), Melchora Aquino who was sent to Guam, and many more suspected revolutionaries.
  • The rebellion had three major centers but it was divided into two councils: the Magdiwang and the Magdalo. At first, these two Katipunan councils cooperated with each other and won the battles of Binakayan and Dalahican.
  • However, leadership rivalries soon split the group. The Tejeros convention was convened in Imus to settle the leadership dispute and Emilio Aguinaldo won over Andres Bonifacio.
  • Bitter with the result, Bonifacio staged a Coup d’etat but was caught and was executed, together with his brother Procopio.
  • Sorting out the Katipunan disputes, the Spanish authorities began to overpower the rebels and eventually recaptured Cavite in March, 1897. It was the start of Katipunan’s gradual defeat.
  • Aguinaldo continued retreating until he had to enter a truce with Governor-General Fernando Primo de Rivera through the Pact of Biak-na-Bato to end the Philippine Revolution.
  • By sending the heads of the KKK out of the country, the Katipunan Revolution of 1896 officially ended.

The Katipunan Revolution of 1896 Worksheets

This is a fantastic bundle which includes everything you need to know about the Katipunan Revolution of 1896 across 27 in-depth pages. These are ready-to-use The Katipunan Revolution of 1896 worksheets that are perfect for teaching students about the Katipunan, in full Kataastaasang Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan, (“Supreme Worshipful Association of the Sons of the People”), which is a Filipino nationalist organization founded in 1892 to oppose Spanish rule.

Complete List Of Included Worksheets

  • Katipunan Revolution Facts
  • Spanish-era Philippines
  • Katipunan Timeline
  • Flags of Katipunan
  • Freedom Fighters
  • Pillars of Katipunan
  • Women of Katipunan
  • Lupang Hinirang
  • Freedom Poster
  • The Modern Philippines
  • Speak Like a Katipunero

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Use With Any Curriculum

These worksheets have been specifically designed for use with any international curriculum. You can use these worksheets as-is, or edit them using Google Slides to make them more specific to your own student ability levels and curriculum standards.

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