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Table of Contents
Besides learning about the addition and subtraction of multi-digit whole numbers, we will also be introduce a new place value. We will be adding the millions place value.
See the fact file below for more information on the Addition & Subtraction of Multi-Digit Whole Numbers or alternatively, you can download our 24-page Numbers & Operations in Base Ten: Addition & Subtraction of Multi-Digit Whole Numbers CCSS 4.NBT.4 worksheet pack to utilise within the classroom or home environment.
Key Facts & Information
LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
- At the end of the lesson, students will be able to fluently add and subtract multi-digit whole numbers using the standard algorithm.
A NOTE FOR THE TEACHER:
- When teaching Addition & Subtraction of Multi-Digit Whole Numbers, keep in mind the following:
- Remind the student now and then of factors in Multiplication.
- When dealing with the Addition & Subtraction of Multi-Digit Whole Numbers, it is best to visually demonstrate the equations.
- Try to incorporate as many visual aids as possible.
THEORY:
- Besides learning about the addition and subtraction of multi-digit whole numbers, we will also be introduce a new place value. We will be adding the millions place value. The millions place value is 10x higher than the hundred thousand place-value and contains 6 zeroes. An example of a number in the millions place value is 1,000,000. There are no additional rules; we simply just added a new place value.
- When we add or subtract multi-digit whole numbers, it can be very difficult to do things mentally, so we do a longer version of addition and subtraction. Follow the example below,
- As you can see in the example, we added 345 and 553 to arrive at 898. The first step in doing addition or subtraction of multi-digit whole numbers is to identify the place values of each digit of each number. This is important because we need to align the digits with matching place-values with one another when we do long addition or subtraction. After we line up the values, we treat each place-value as its own equations. Letβs take a look at oneβs place in our example. From out of two numbers, the digits in the oneβs place are 5 and 3. We add both of them to get 8. We repeat this process for each other place values.
- Sometimes, when we add 2 single digits together, they produce a double-digit number. 6 and 4, for example, when added equate to 10. When we encounter this when we do long addition, we do not simply write 10 at the bottom, we βcarry-overβ the other value.
- Look at this example below:
- In the example, we added 357 and 553, arriving at 910. Letβs take a look at the ones place first; when we add 7 and 3, we get 10. Since 10 is a double-digit number, we need to carry it over. To carry something over, we need to write the second digit of a double-digit number, and we add the first digit to the next place value. In our example, we leave the 0 (second digit of 10) at the bottom, and we add the 1 (first digit of 10) to the tens place. The tens place, which was previously 5 + 5, now becomes 6 + 5. Looking at it, 6 + 5 also gives a double- digit number, so we just use the same technique we used for the oneβs place.
- The whole process of addition is basically as follows:
- Align digits by matching place values
- Add each digit in each place value together
- Subtraction, on the other hand, is very similar to addition. However, carrying-over is different. When we do subtraction of single digits, we will not be left with a double-digit number. We do, however, encounter a bigger subtrahend than minuend. We know from our previous lessons that minuends must be bigger than the subtrahend; in such cases, we still employ carrying-over, but in a different way.
- Look at this example below
- In the example, we subtracted 553 from 822. When we do long subtraction, we see that in some place-values, the subtrahend is higher than the minuend. What we do is simple. We subtract 1 from the first number of the digit to the left. We then add 10 to the place value we are solving. So in our example, letβs take a look at oneβs place. The equation in the one place is 2 – 3, which cannot be, so we carry-over 1 from the tens place. Since the digit in the tens place is 2, we subtract 1 from 2, which gives us 1. We then add 10 to the digit 2 one place, so the equation in the oneβs place becomes 12-3, which gives us 9. Taking a look at the tens place, we see that the subtrahend is bigger than the minuend again, so we just do that same process all over again. We take 1 from the 8 in the hundreds place and add 10 to the 1 in the tens place. Remember, we subtracted 1 from the tens place in the previous step; this is why the digit in the tens place is 1 and not 2.
- We simply follow those rules for addition and subtraction.
Numbers & Operations in Base Ten: Addition & Subtraction of Multi-Digit Whole Numbers CCSS 4.NBT.4 Worksheets
This is a fantastic bundle that includes everything you need to know about Numbers & Operations in Base Ten: Addition & Subtraction of Multi-Digit Whole Numbers across 24 in-depth pages. These are ready-to-use worksheets that align with the Common Core CCSS code 4.NBT.4 for Numbers & Operations in Base Ten: Addition & Subtraction of Multi-Digit Whole Numbers.
Table of contents:
- A lesson plan
- Warm-up activity
- Math theory explained
- Assisted learning activities
- Independent learning activities
- Extension activities and games
- Answer keys
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Use With Any Curriculum
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