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Table of Contents
Known as Richard I, Richard the Lionheart was the King of England from 1189 until 1199. He was a popular king who led the Third Crusade and featured in numerous romantic legends.
See the fact file below for more information on the Richard the Lionheart or alternatively, you can download our 22-page Richard the Lionheart worksheet pack to utilise within the classroom or home environment.
Key Facts & Information
EARLY LIFE
- Born on September 8, 1157, Richard was the third son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. At the age of 11, he inherited the Duchy of Aquitaine. In 1172, he was named as the Duke of Poitiers.
- In 1173 and 1174, influenced by their mother Eleanor, Richard and his brother led a rebellion against their father. Richard soon submitted and received a pardon, while Eleanor was imprisoned.
- After the sudden death of his brother, the young King Henry, Richard became the heir to the throne of England, Normandy, and Anjou.
KINGSHIP AND THE CRUSADE
- Prior to his kingship, Richard was known to display military skill and courage in subduing baronial revolts in his lands, thus gaining the nickname Richard the Lionheart.
- Initially, King Henry wanted to name John, Richard’s younger brother to rule Normandy and Anjou, but Richard refused to transfer his Duchy. To resolve the threat, Richard made an alliance with Philip II of France to subdue his father. As a result, King Henry was forced to recognize Richard as the heir to the throne.
- On July 5, 1189, Richard became the King of England, Duke of Normandy, and Count of Anjou.
- As king, one of Richard I’s greatest ambitions was to take back the Holy Land through a Crusade.
- To support the Crusade, England and France raised funds and formed an impressive military. Amidst their alliance, King Philip of France wanted lands which he believed to be rightfully their holdings. However, Richard did not intend to relinquish any territory. Instead, defense was further built up.
- In return for the French alliance, Richard agreed to marry King Philip’s sister Alice. However, the English King married Berengaria of Navarre on May 12, 1191.
- In addition to France, Richard’s Crusade was also supported by the German emperor, Frederick Barbarossa.
- In July 1190, the Crusaders stopped in Messina, Sicily. Aside from Richard’s plan of doing an agreement with King Tancred, he also demanded the release of his sister, Joan, the late king’s widow. After a series of riots between the Crusaders and townsfolk, Richard and Tancred made an alliance.
- The Third Crusade aimed to conquer the Holy Land from the Muslim, Sultan Saladin. Richard I and his allies were successful in capturing the cities of Acre and Jaffa, but not Jerusalem.
- On June 10, 1190, Frederick Barbarossa’s troops retreated to Germany after the death of the emperor.
- The failed recapturing of Jerusalem was attributed to quarrels among the French, German, and English troops.
- In September 1192, after years of unproductive tensions, Richard I made a truce with Saladin. They agreed to provide Acre as a free way for Christian pilgrims.
- With ongoing French hostility, Richard I sailed in disguise but was captured in Vienna. He was imprisoned in a castle on the Danube and later handed over to Henry VI. To avoid being handed to Philip II, Richard I agreed to pay ransom.
- Upon his return to England, Richard I had his second coronation. He then left for Normandy and spent years battling with Philip II.
- On March 26, during the siege, Richard I was shot in the arm. It caused infection and later led to his death on April 6, 1199.
- As part of his wish, his body was buried at Fontevraud, next to his father; his heart placed at Rouen, next to his brother Henry; and his brain at Charroux.
Richard the Lionheart Worksheets
This is a fantastic bundle which includes everything you need to know about the Richard the Lionheart across 22 in-depth pages. These are ready-to-use Richard the Lionheart worksheets that are perfect for teaching students about Richard the Lionheart, known as Richard I, who was the King of England from 1189 until 1199. He was a popular king who led the Third Crusade and featured in numerous romantic legends.
Complete List Of Included Worksheets
- Richard the Lionheart Facts
- The Lionheart
- English Kings
- Third Crusade Mapping
- Third Crusade Profile
- Building Words
- The Lionheart II
- Crusader Timeline
- Fit for a King
- The Era of Crusades
- In Rhyme
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Link will appear as Richard the Lionheart Facts & Worksheets: https://kidskonnect.com - KidsKonnect, September 9, 2019
Use With Any Curriculum
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