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Satyendra Nath Bose was an Indian mathematician and physicist specializing in theoretical physics. He is best known for his work on quantum mechanics in the early 1920s.
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Key Facts & Information
EARLY LIFE
- Satyendra Nath Bose was born in Calcutta (Kolkata), on January 1, 1894.
- Satyendra’s schooling began at the age of five, near his home. When his family moved to Goabagan, he went to the New Indian School. During his final year, he transferred to the Hindu School.
- In 1909 Satyendra passed his entrance examination (Matric) and stood fifth in order of merit. Satyendra would join the intermediate science course at the Presidency College in Calcutta.
- Satyendra received a Bachelor of Science in mixed mathematics from Presidency College, coming first in his class in 1913.
- Satyendra joined Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee’s new Science College; he stood first in the MSc mixed mathematics exam in 1915; his marks in the MSc examination created a new record in the annals of the University of Calcutta, which still stands today.
- Satyendra completed his MSc, and joined the Science College through Calcutta University as a research scholar in 1916, starting his studies in the theory of relativity.
- Satyendra married Ushabati Ghosh at the age of 20 in 1914. They had nine children together.
- Satyendra would be actively involved in running night schools that came to be known as the Working Men’s Institute.
RESEARCH CAREER
- From 1916-1921, he lectured at the physics department of the Rajabazar Science College at the University of Calcutta.
- Meghnad Saha and Satyendra wrote the first book in English on Einstein’s general relativity in 1919.
- In 1921, Satyendra joined the Department of Physics at the University of Dhaka. Satyendra set up new departments, including laboratories, to teach advanced courses for MSc and BSc honors, teaching thermodynamics and James Clerk Maxwell’s Theory of Electromagnetism.
- In 1924, while working at the physics department of the University of Dhaka, Satyendra wrote a paper deriving Planck’s quantum radiation law, using a new way of counting states with identical particles. This paper would influence the field of quantum statistics. Satyendra sent a copy of the article directly to Einstein in Germany, who translated it into German, submitting it on Satyendra’s behalf to Zeitschrift für Physik.
- Satyendra got to work for two years in European X-ray and crystallography laboratories, working with Louis de Broglie, Marie Curie, and Einstein.
- Satyendra presented a lecture at the University of Dhaka on the theory of radiation and ultraviolet catastrophe, intending to show the students that contemporary theory was inadequate in showing results through experimentation. With this discrepancy, Satyendra took a position that the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution would not be true for microscopic particles; the fluctuations due to Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle would be significant.
- Satyendra adapted this lecture into a short article called “Planck’s Law and the Hypothesis of Light Quanta” and sent it to Albert Einstein, with a letter that said the following: Respected Sir, I have ventured to send you the accompanying article for your perusal and opinion. I am anxious to know what you think of it. You will see that I have tried to deduce the coefficient 8π ν2/c3 in Planck’s Law independent of classical electrodynamics, only assuming that the ultimate elementary region in the phase-space has the content h3. I do not know sufficient German to translate the paper. If you think the paper, worth publication, I shall be grateful if you arrange for its publication in Zeitschrift für Physik. Though a stranger to you, I do not feel any hesitation in making such a request. Because we are all your pupils though profiting only by your teachings through your writings. I do not know whether you still remember that somebody from Calcutta asked your permission to translate your papers on Relativity in English. You acceded to the request. The book has since been published. I was the one who translated; your paper on Generalised Relativity.
- Einstein agreed and translated Satyendra’s paper into German and got it published in Zeitschrift für Physik under Satyendra’s name in 1924.
- Satyendra’s interpretation is now called Bose-Einstein statistics; this laid the foundation of quantum statistics.
- Satyendra returned to Dhaka in 1926 with no doctorate, which disqualified him from the professor position, but Einstein recommended him and he was made head of the department of physics at Dhaka University, where he continued guiding and teaching at Dhaka University.
- Satyendra designed equipment for the X-ray crystallography laboratory, setting up laboratories and libraries to make the department a center of research in X-ray spectroscopy.
- In 1944 Satyendra was elected General President of the Indian Science Congress.
- Satyendra was Dean of Faculty of Science at Dhaka University until 1945.
- Satyendra returned to Calcutta (Kolkata) in 1947 and taught at Calcutta University until 1956 when he retired and was made professor emeritus.
- In 1958 he became a Fellow of the Royal Society.
- Satyendra died on February 4, 1974.
Satyendra Nath Bose Worksheets
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