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Table of Contents
The book of Exodus relates the story of the Israelites’ departure from their enslavement in Egypt. It details Moses as the mediator of the Sinaitic covenant between God and his people, including the Ten Commandments and the Book of the Covenant that taught Biblical ethics and morality in a practical way.
See the fact file below for more information on the Book of Exodus, or you can download our 33-page Book of Exodus worksheet pack to utilize within the classroom or home environment.
Key Facts & Information
GENERAL FACTS
- Exodus describes how Jacob’s descendants were subjected to Egyptian persecution before being freed by God via Moses, who led them to Mount Sinai to make a covenant with the Lord.
- These events established Israel as a nation and attested to its unique relationship with God. The moral, governmental, and ceremonial regulations by which the Israelites were to become a holy nation is known as the “law” (Hebrew torah), which was revealed to them by God through Moses at Mount Sinai.
THE AUTHOR AND DATE OF WRITING
- Several passages in Exodus show that Moses wrote certain sections of the book (Exodus 24:4; 34:27; 17:14)
- Then the Lord said to Moses, βWrite this on a scroll as something to be remembered and make sure that Joshua hears it because I will completely blot out the name of Amalek from under heaven.β
- The New Testament also claims Mosaic authorship for various passages in Exodus (see Mark 7:10 and 12:26)
- These references imply that Moses wrote a significant part of the book of Exodus and represent a conventional perspective that isn’t refuted by the widespread belief that the Pentateuch has four primary authors.
- It is accepted that the Exodus took place circa 1446 since 1 Kings 6:1 says it took place 480 years before “the fourth year of Solomon’s rule over Israel,” which was about 966 BCE. Within this time frame, the “three hundred years” of Judges 11:26 easily fit.
- Biblical scholars believe that Ramses II, a pharaoh of the 19th dynasty, and Seti I, his son, were responsible for the persecution and the exodus, respectively, because the name Rameses appears in Exodus 1:11.
- Also, it is assumed that the 13th century BCE invasion of the promised land by Joshua’s army is supported by the archaeological evidence of the destruction of various Canaanite cities during that period.
THEMES AND THEOLOGY
- Exodus establishes a fundamental theology by outlining God’s identity, characteristics, atonement, law, and manner of worship.
- It also details Moses’ selection and activities as the mediator of the Sinaitic covenant, of the Israelite priesthood, the definition of the prophetic office, and the transition of the previous covenant between God and his people to a new regime.
- The Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:1β17) and the ordinances of the Book of the Covenant (Exodus 20:22, 23:33), which instructed Israel on how to apply the principles of the commandments in a practical way, lay the groundwork for Biblical ethics and morality.
OUTLINE
- Prologue (chapters 1-2)
- Israelβs situation (chapter 1)
- A Deliverer was born (chapter 2)
- Infant Moses saved (2:1-10)
- Moses’ escape from Egypt (2:11-25)
- God’s Deliverance (chapters 3-18)
- Moses was called by God (chapter 3)
- Moses Objects but defied all his fears (chapter 4)
- Initial unsuccessful Attempts to Deliver the Israelites (5:1; 6:12)
- Oppression made harsher (5:1-21)
- The Promise of Deliverance renewed by God (5:22; 6:12)
- The Deliverers were named: Moses and Aaron (6:13-27)
- Plagues on Egypt (6:28; 11:10)
- Mosesβ mission renewed (6:28; 7:7)
- Presenting the Signs of Godβs authority over all life (7:8-13)
- 1st plague: water turned to blood (7:14-24)
- 2nd plague: frog invasion (7:25;8:15)
- 3rd plague: gnat infestation (8:16-19)
- 4th plague: fly infestation(8:20-32)
- 5th plague: livestock death (9:1-7)
- 6th plague: boil infections (9:8-12)
- 7th plague: hail storm (9:13-35)
- 8th plague: locust infestation (10:1-20)
- 9th plague: total darkness (10:21-29)
- 10th plague announced: death of the firstborn (chapter 11)
- The Passover (12:1-28)
- Israelitesβ Exodus from Egypt (12:29-51)
- The Anointing of the Firstborn (13:1-16)
- Crossing and Deliverance at the “Red Sea” (13:17;15:21)
- Song at the sea (15:1-21)
- Journey to Mt. Sinai (15:22;18:27)
- Bitter waters of Marah (15:22-27)
- Manna* and the quail (chapter 16)
- Waters of Meribah (17:1-7)
- The war against Amalek (17:8-16)
- Administrative Framework (chapter 18)
- Covenant at Mount Sinai (chapters 19-24)
- The Covenant (chapter 19)
- The Ten Commandments (20:1-17)
- Book of the Covenant (20:22; 23:33)
- Laws on servants (21:1-11)
- Laws on murder (21:12-17)
- Laws on inflicting bodily injuries (21:18-32)
- Laws on property damages (21:33; 22:15)
- Laws about society (22:16-31)
- Laws on justice and comity (23:1-9)
- Laws on sacred occasions (23:10-19)
- God’s Royal Tent in Israel (Exodus chapters 25-40)
- Instructions (chapters 25-31)
- Materials (25:1-9)
- Furnishings (25:10-40)
- Ark (25:10-22)
- Table (25:23-30)
- Golden lampstand (25:31-40)
- Tent’s personnel (27:20; 29:46)
- Confirmation of the Covenant (ch. 24)
- Priesthood (27:20;28:5)
- Priestβs Garments (28:6-43)
- Priestβs Ordination (ch. 29)
- Other instructions (ch. 30)
- Altar (30:1-10)
- Taxes (30:11-16)
- Basin (30:17-21)
- Oil and incense (30:22-38)
- Craftsmen Appointment (31:1-11)
- Sabbath Rest (31:12-18)
- Israelitesβ Rebellion Threatens
Withdrawal of God (chapters 32-34)
- The golden calf worship (32:1-29)
- Mediation of Moses (32:30-35)
- Moses’ prayer (chapter 33)
- Renewal of covenant (ch. 34)
- Lordβs Royal Tent rebuilt (Exodus chapters 35-40)
- Summons (35:1-19)
- Gifts (35:20-29)
- Bezalel and his men (35:30; 36:7)
- Work progress(36:8; 39:31)
- Blessing of Moses (39:32-43)
- Building of God’s tent (40:1-33)
- Dedication (40:34-38)
IMPORTANCE OF EXODUS
- The Exodus is an important part of Jewish culture and Judaism. The prophets Hosea, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel all refer to the Exodus as the event that established the Hebrew people and solidified their relationship with God.
- Every day during Jewish prayers and on the Jewish festivals of Passover, Shavuot, and Sukkot, the Exodus is remembered.
- The fringes on traditional Jewish prayer shawls serve as a tangible reminder of the need to uphold the rules laid down at the conclusion of Exodus: “Look at it and remember all the commandments of the Lord” (in the Book of Numbers).
- The Exodus celebrations were originally agricultural and seasonal feasts, but they were eventually absorbed into the story of God’s liberation of Israel from persecution.
- For Jews, the Passover holiday commemorates the Israelites’ liberation from slavery in Egypt, their settlement in Canaan, and the “passing over“ of the death angel during the death of the firstborn.
The Book of Exodus Worksheets
This fantastic bundle includes everything you need to know about the Book of Exodus across 33 in-depth pages. These ready-to-use worksheets are perfect for teaching kids about the Book of Exodus. The book of Exodus relates the story of the Israelites’ departure from their enslavement in Egypt.
Complete List of Included Worksheets
Below is a list of all the worksheets included in this document.
- Book of Exodus Facts
- The Prophet
- Jacobβs Descendants
- Keeping the Faith
- Laws of Justice and Mercy
- The Plagues
- The Parting of the Red Sea
- The Ten Commandments
- Following Instructions
- Following Instructions II
- The Golden Calf
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the book of Exodus about?
The book of Exodus is the second book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament. It describes the story of how the Israelites were enslaved in Egypt and then delivered by God through Moses. It also includes the giving of the Ten Commandments, the construction of the tabernacle, and the establishment of the priesthood.
Who is the main character in the book of Exodus?
Moses is the main character in the book of Exodus. He was chosen by God to lead the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and to receive the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai.
What are some of the major themes in the book of Exodus?
Some of the major themes in the book of Exodus include God’s power and sovereignty, the Israelites’ faith and obedience, liberation from oppression, covenant and law, and the importance of worship.
What is the significance of the Ten Commandments in the book of Exodus?
The Ten Commandments are a set of laws that God gave to Moses on Mount Sinai, and they are considered the foundation of Jewish and Christian ethics. They are also significant because they represent the covenant between God and the Israelites and provide a framework for how the Israelites were to live their lives.
How does the book of Exodus relate to other books in the Bible?
The book of Exodus is closely connected to the other books of the Torah (Genesis, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy), as it continues the narrative of the Israelites from the time of their patriarchs (Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob) and sets the stage for their journey to the promised land in the book of Numbers. It also has important connections to other parts of the Bible, such as the prophetic books of Isaiah and Jeremiah, and the New Testament book of Hebrews.
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