Question 1

What is cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance refers to the discomfort experienced when an individual holds contradictory beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors. This psychological phenomenon often leads people to modify their beliefs or behaviors to reduce the discomfort and achieve internal consistency.

Question 2

What is the nature vs. nurture debate in psychology?

Accepted Answer

The nature vs. nurture debate centers around the relative contributions of genetics (nature) and environmental factors (nurture) in shaping human behavior and development. Psychologists study how both nature and nurture interact to influence various aspects of cognition, personality, and behavior.

Question 3

What is the bystander effect?

Accepted Answer

The bystander effect is a social psychological phenomenon where individuals are less likely to intervene in an emergency situation when others are present. This diffusion of responsibility occurs because people assume that someone else will take action, leading to inaction or delayed response.

Question 4

What is classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which an organism develops a response to a previously neutral stimulus through association with another stimulus that elicits a reflexive response. Ivan Pavlov's famous experiments with dogs demonstrated classical conditioning, where dogs learned to salivate at the sound of a bell after it was repeatedly paired with the presentation of food.

Question 5

What is the significance of Freud's psychoanalytic theory in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory revolutionized the field of psychology by introducing concepts such as the unconscious mind, defense mechanisms, and the importance of early childhood experiences in shaping personality. While some aspects of Freud's theories have been criticized and revised over time, his work laid the foundation for psychotherapy and influenced the development of various psychological perspectives.

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