Prosthetics Facts & Worksheets

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Prosthetics is the name of the medical field that deals with prostheses. Prosthetics are artificial limbs or devices used to substitute for or improve the function of missing body parts. They help persons whose quality of life has been improved after losing limbs due to an accident or a medical condition. The phrase is occasionally expanded to include devices that enhance a part’s functionality, such as eyeglasses and hearing aids.

See the fact file below for more information on Prosthetics, or you can download our 25-page Prosthetics worksheet pack to utilize within the classroom or home environment.

Key Facts & Information

OVERVIEW

• The field of prosthetics originated with Ambroise Paré, a French surgeon in the 16th century. Initially, upper-extremity replacements were developed, including metal hands with movable parts. Over time, the design shifted to a single hook or a nonfunctional hand covered in leather and attached to the forearm. 
• The acceptance and improvement of prostheses have been closely associated with major wars. 
• Following World Wars I and II, there were advancements in prosthetic design, including the introduction of lightweight materials and improved mechanical joints.
• Prosthetics have significantly impacted amputees’ lives, allowing them to engage in activities they enjoyed before their limb loss. 
• Understanding the various types of prosthetics helps individuals choose the suitable device that suits their lifestyle, personality, and budget. It enables them to participate in sports, return to work, and cherish valuable moments with loved ones. 
• In summary, prosthetics and other assistive devices have revolutionized the lives of amputees, granting them increased independence and the ability to resume their daily routines.

PROSTHESIS vs. PROSTHETIC

• Despite their similarities, “prosthetics” refers to the study and competence involved in creating artificial limbs. 
• On the contrary hand, a “prosthesis” refers to a manufactured device made to replace a missing bodily part and may also be used as an adjective, as in “prosthetic limbs.” 
• The plural form is “prostheses.” Prosthetists are specialists who develop prostheses and assist patients needing artificial devices.

FOUR MAJOR TYPES OF PROSTHETICS

Transradial Prosthesis

• This artificial arm attaches below the elbow. Passive devices in this category are purely cosmetic. Active transradial prostheses come in two forms:
• Cable-operated devices that use a harness connecting the affected shoulder and the other arm enable manual movement control.

Myoelectric prosthetic implants detect muscle movement in the upper arm using specialized sensors, allowing the prosthesis to be controlled, including opening and closing the hand.

Transhumeral Prosthesis:

• This artificial arm connects to the body above the elbow but below the shoulder.
• Compared to transradial prostheses, transhumeral limbs are more complex due to the absence of an elbow, requiring compensatory measures for movement.
• Transhumeral prosthetic devices can be either active or passive.
• Modern active transhumeral prostheses typically utilize myoelectric sensors or a combination of sensors and cables to control the artificial limb.

Transtibial Prosthesis:

• This artificial leg replaces the missing part below the knee.
• The primary function of a transtibial prosthesis is to distribute weight and provide comfort since the knee joint allows for considerable movement without assistance.
• Patients who use transtibial prostheses require rehabilitation to learn how to walk with the artificial foot, as it generally does not move independently.

Transfemoral Prosthesis:

• This type of prosthesis is the most challenging of the four main types.
• It replaces a missing leg above the knee.
• The artificial knee joint is controlled through hip motion, making it heavily dependent on the strength of the residual limb.
• After a lengthy rehabilitation process, a transfemoral prosthesis can enable seemingly normal movement and function.
• Achieving a proper socket fit is crucial to ensure comfort and stability.
• These four types of prosthetics address different levels of limb loss and have varying mechanisms to replicate or assist the movement of the missing body part.

Additional types of prosthetics include:

• Partial Prosthetics for Hands and Feet: Prosthetists can replace missing hands or feet with partial prosthetics.
• These partial prosthetics can be active or passive, depending on the individual’s needs and budget.
• Manufacturing active artificial hands can be challenging due to the variability in injuries and missing fingers.
• Not all patients are suitable candidates for artificial hands, and a qualified medical professional must assess them to determine the most appropriate prosthesis.
• Body-Powered Arms: Another type of artificial arm is a body-powered arm that attaches to the remaining shoulder using a harness.
• This type of prosthesis works similarly to a transhumeral prosthesis, where the motion of the patient’s other shoulder manipulates the artificial limb.
• Cosmetic Prosthetic Implants: Some prosthetic implants serve a purely decorative function. Examples include artificial eyes, fingers, noses, and other body parts.
• These cosmetic prosthetics aim to restore the appearance of missing body parts, enhancing the individual’s self-esteem and overall well-being.
• Technological Advancements: Prosthetics have significantly advanced with the aid of technology. New developments allow prostheses with improved range of motion and better bodily integration.
• These advancements have led to prosthetics that offer increased functionality and a more natural experience for users.

MATERIALS USED IN PROSTHETICS

• Various factors, including the needs of the amputee and the type of device required, influence the choice of materials for prosthetics functionality and budget. 
• Each material has advantages and disadvantages, and professional guidance is crucial in determining the most suitable option based on factors like function.
• Common materials used in prosthetic construction include plastic composites for durability and lightweight, silicone for comfortable padding, metals and alloys for strength comparable to human bone, and carbon fiber for its light and flexible properties. 
• Skilled prosthetists work closely with amputees to select the appropriate materials for their specific devices, ensuring long-lasting efficiency.

ADVANCE PROSTHETICS

• Advanced prosthetics have made significant progress, integrating cutting-edge technology to give users precise control and natural movement.
• Myoelectric prostheses use electronic sensors to detect muscle-generated electrical impulses, enabling accurate simulation of natural movement. 
• Intelligent prostheses utilize machine learning algorithms to anticipate user movements and adjust the device accordingly. Bionic prostheses employ microprocessors and advanced computer technology for highly responsive and precise control. 
• Additionally, innovations like the Ossur direct socket enhance stability and comfort in transfemoral prostheses. These technological advancements empower amputees to regain independence and perform daily activities more efficiently and effectively.

SELECTION FACTORS FOR PROSTHETICS

• The selection of prosthetic types depends on factors such as an individual’s aspirations, the location and extent of the amputation, the condition of the residual limb, and the activities and goals of the amputee. 
• Prosthetists can create artificial limbs for various purposes, from recreational activities to household chores, so discussing specific needs and goals with them is essential.

Prosthetics Worksheets

This fantastic bundle includes everything you need to know about Prosthetics across 25 in-depth pages. These ready-to-use worksheets are perfect for teaching kids about Prosthetics. Prosthetics are artificial limbs or devices used to substitute for or improve the function of missing body parts.

Complete List of Included Worksheets

Below is a list of all the worksheets included in this document.

1. Prosthetics Facts
2. Word Hunt
3. 4 Major Types of Prosthetics 
4. Word Define
5. Answer and Defend
6. Compare and Contrast
7. Let’s Be Inspired
8. Infographics Campaign
9. Poster Making 
10. Movie Watch
11. Results On Cam

Frequently Asked Questions

What are prosthetics?

Prosthetics are artificial devices designed to replace missing or impaired body parts. They can be external attachments or implants that enhance the function and appearance of the body, helping individuals with limb loss or congenital limb differences regain mobility and improve their quality of life.

How are prosthetics made?

Prosthetics are typically custom-made to fit the individual’s specific needs and body shape. The process involves several steps, including:

• Initial Assessment: Prosthetists work with the individual to assess their needs and determine the best type of prosthetic device.
• Casting or Scanning: A mold of the residual limb is created using casting or 3D scanning technology.
• Design and Fabrication: Using the mold or scan data, a custom prosthetic device is designed and fabricated.
• Fitting and Adjustments: The prosthetic device is fitted to the individual’s residual limb, and adjustments are made to ensure a comfortable and functional fit.
• Training and Rehabilitation: Individuals receive training to learn how to use their new prosthetic device effectively.
• Follow-up: Regular follow-up appointments are scheduled to make any necessary adjustments and ensure the prosthetic continues to fit well.

What types of prosthetics are there?

Prosthetics can be categorized into various types based on the body part they replace:

• Upper Limb Prosthetics: These include devices for hands, arms, and shoulders.
• Lower Limb Prosthetics: Devices for feet, legs, and hips fall under this category.
• Cosmetic Prosthetics: These are designed primarily for appearance, providing a natural look without substantial functional enhancements.
• Functional Prosthetics: These are designed to restore mobility and functionality to a specific extent.

What advancements have been made in prosthetics?

Over the years, there have been significant advancements in prosthetics technology, leading to improved functionality and comfort for users. Some advancements include:

• Myoelectric Prosthetics: These use muscle signals to control the movement of the prosthetic limb, offering more natural and precise control.
• Prosthetic Materials: Advanced materials like carbon fiber, lightweight metals, and 3D-printed components have made prosthetics more lightweight and durable.
• Sensory Feedback: Some prosthetics are equipped with sensors that provide users with sensory feedback, allowing them to feel pressure and touch.
• Mind-Controlled Prosthetics: Research is being conducted on prosthetics controlled by neural signals from the brain, enabling more intuitive control.
• Customization: 3D printing and scanning technology have enabled greater customization and faster production of prosthetic devices.

What challenges do prosthetic users still face?

While prosthetics have come a long way, there are still challenges that users may encounter:

• Cost: High-quality prosthetics can be expensive, and not all individuals have access to affordable options.
• Comfort and Fit: Achieving a comfortable and well-fitting prosthetic can be a complex process, requiring adjustments and frequent follow-ups.
• Functionality: While advancements have been made, replicating the full range of natural limb movements and sensations remains a challenge.
• Maintenance: Prosthetic devices require maintenance and periodic replacements, which can be both time-consuming and costly.
• Psychological Impact: Adjusting to a prosthetic can be emotionally and psychologically challenging for some individuals.

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