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Sex education teaches information about body development, sex, sexuality, and relationships, as well as skill development, to assist young people in communicating about sex and making educated decisions about their sexual health. It should be evidence-based to avoid unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted illnesses, but it should also respect young people’s right to complete and truthful information. 

See the fact file below for more information on Sex education, or you can download our 35-page Sex education worksheet pack to utilize within the classroom or home environment.

Key Facts & Information

SEXUAL HEALTH

• Sexual health is defined as the ability to embrace and appreciate one’s sexuality throughout one’s life. It is critical to our bodily and emotional well-being. Being sexually healthy entails the following: 
  • Recognizing that sexuality is a natural element of life and entails more than just sexual conduct.
  • Recognizing and protecting our common sexual rights.
  • Having access to sexual health education, information, and services.
  • Making an effort to avoid unplanned pregnancies and STDs, as well as seeking care and treatment when necessary.
  • The ability to have sexual pleasure, fulfillment, and intimacy when desired.
  • Discuss sexual health with others, particularly sexual partners and healthcare providers.

SEXUAL ANATOMY AND PUBERTY

• Sexual anatomy often refers to external sexual organs, such as the vulva and penis, and internal reproductive organs, such as the uterus and seminal vesicle. This anatomy is classified as either female or male, but not necessarily the individual. The anatomy of a person does not determine their gender.
• A person’s sex is usually assigned at birth based on sexual anatomy—female or male. It is true even if a person’s sexual anatomy isn’t male or female—a condition known as intersex. However, this does not indicate a person’s gender.
• Gender is influenced by social and cultural conventions and behavioral expectations. Gender identity—a person’s personal opinion of themselves as female, male, both, or neither—does not always correspond to their biological sex. A person’s gender can be expressed by name, pronouns, attire, hairdo, and other means. 
• On the other hand, sexual orientation reflects a person’s long-term physical, romantic, and emotional attraction to another person (for example: straight, gay, lesbian, bisexual).
• The female reproductive system consists of the ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, cervix, and vagina. 
• The ovaries begin to release eggs regularly around puberty. The eggs migrate from the fallopian tubes into the uterus and are finally drained out of the body through the vagina and the uterine lining. It is referred to as the menstrual cycle. A typical cycle lasts about 28 days, although it can last anywhere from 21 to 45 days.
• If an egg in a fallopian tube is fertilized by sperm, the fertilized egg will usually proceed to the uterus. Once there, the egg may or may not implant in the uterine walls and develop, resulting in pregnancy. The fertilized egg does not always implant and is washed out during menstruation (a.k.a period).
• The fertilized egg might sometimes implant in the fallopian tube. Also known as ectopic pregnancy, it requires emergency treatment. The fertilized egg cannot survive here, and if it continues to grow, it will rupture the tube, causing life-threatening bleeding.
• The illustration shown in the sample pack is just a basic understanding of external female genitalia—it is an example, not the norm. There is, in fact, no standard. 
• The look of genitals varies significantly amongst individuals. The minora may be longer than the majora. The color of your labia may change as you get older. Clitorises differ in terms of size, shape, and placement. 
• Because we are all unique, there is no such thing as a “typical” genital appearance. The same is true for male genital anatomy. 
• The male reproductive system primarily consists of external organs such as the penis, scrotum, and testicles. It is in charge of sexual function as well as urine.
• During puberty, the body releases the hormones Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
• FSH is required for sperm formation (spermatogenesis). LH increases the creation of testosterone, which is necessary to continue the spermatogenesis process.
• Testosterone also plays a role in developing male features such as muscle mass and strength, fat distribution, bone mass, and sex drive.
• Men (on average) begin producing sperm between 12 and 15 throughout puberty.

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

• According to 2019 data, 55% of unwanted pregnancies among adolescent females aged 15 to 19 result in abortions, which are frequently dangerous in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
• Adolescents aged 15-19 years in LMICs had an estimated 21 million pregnancies per year as of 2019, with nearly half being unplanned.
• Sexual reproduction is a natural reproduction method in humans, animals, and the vast majority of plants. 
• Sexual reproduction is a series of activities classified into three stages: pre-fertilization, fertilization, and post-fertilization.

PRE FERTILIZATION

• This stage includes the events that occur before fertilization. The two processes at this stage are gamete formation (gametogenesis) and gamete transfer. Gametes are sex cells that are naturally haploid (23 chromosomes) and distinct in males and females. 
• The male gamete is known as sperm, whereas the female gamete is known as the ovum or egg. These gametes are generated within specific structures in every creature. Because female gametes are immobile, they must transport male gametes to fertilize.

FERTILIZATION

• Fertilization or syngamy occurs when haploid male and female gametes encounter and combine to generate a zygote. It can happen outside the body, known as external fertilization, or inside the body, known as internal fertilization.

POST FERTILIZATION

• Fertilization results in the creation of a diploid zygote, then the zygote eventually splits mitotically and develops into an embryo. It is also known as embryogenesis. Cell differentiation and modification occur during development—the organism and its life cycle influence zygote formation.

TYPES OF SEXUAL ACTIVITY

• There are several types of sex, but proper communication and permission are required regardless of the kind of sex engaged. Sex that is not safe or consensual can result in pregnancy, STDs, as well as psychological trauma, but you can take precautions to avoid it. Among the various types of sex are:
• Vaginal sex (penis-in-vagina intercourse) – (also known as coitus or copulation) is a sexual activity that typically involves inserting and pushing the penis into the vagina for sexual pleasure or reproduction.
• Oral sex (mouth-to-genital contact) – Oral sex stimulates your partner’s genitals or anus with your mouth, lips, or tongue. Both men and women can have oral sex with their partners.
• Anal sex (penis-in-anus intercourse) – Anal sex, also known as anal intercourse, is the sexual insertion and thrusting of the erect penis into a person’s anus, or anus and rectum.
• Fingering or handwork (hand-to-genital contact) – Fingering is sexually stimulating the vulva (including the clitoris) or vagina using one’s fingers or hands. Fingering can also refer to using one’s fingers to stimulate the anus sexually.
• Dry humping or genital rubbing – Dry humping is when you rub or grind your genitals against your partner’s body or genitals. Dry humping can also be performed on your own by stroking your clothed genitals against a pillow or piece of furniture.
• Masturbation (touching oneself) (touching yourself) – Masturbation is defined as the sexual stimulation of one’s genitals for sexual arousal or other sexual pleasure, usually to orgasm.

BIRTH CONTROL AND STDs

• Contraception, or birth control, is using medications, devices, or surgery to prevent pregnancy. There are numerous varieties. Some are reversible, while others are irreversible. Some types can also aid in the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STDs).
• An anonymous 10,000 teenage girls and young women answered a survey from The Tyra Banks Show, and it shows that when having sex, 52 percent of the respondents indicate they do not use protection. While twenty-four percent of the respondents with STDs still engage in unprotected sex.
• STDs are infections passed from person to person, most commonly through vaginal, anal, and oral sex. They’re prevalent, and many people who have them have no symptoms. STDs can cause significant health concerns if not treated.
• Each year, around 25% of sexually active young adults in the United States get sexually transmitted diseases (STIs), including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
• HIV is transmitted by unprotected heterosexual intercourse in roughly 20% of male infections and more than 50% of female infections.
• There are numerous methods of birth control that act in different ways:

Barrier Methods

• Male condom – A thin sheath that wraps around the penis to collect sperm and keep it from entering the partner’s body. Condoms composed of latex and polyurethane can aid in the prevention of STDs.
• Female condom – A flexible, thin plastic pouch that prevents sperm from entering the uterus. A portion of the condom is put into the vagina before intercourse. The uterus, often known as the womb, is where the baby develops during pregnancy. Female condoms can also aid in the prevention of STDs.
• Contraceptive sponge – A tiny sponge used to cover the cervix in the vagina (the opening of the uterus). The sponge also includes a spermicide, which is used to destroy sperm.
• Spermicide – A chemical capable of killing sperm cells. It is available as a foam, jelly, cream, suppository, or film. It is inserted into the vagina near the uterus. Spermicide may be used alone or in conjunction with a diaphragm or cervical cap.
• Diaphragm and cervical cap – Cups inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix. Professionals can combine it with spermicide. They come in various sizes, so consult your doctor to determine which size is appropriate for you.

Hormonal Methods

• Oral contraceptives (“the pill”) – Pills that a lady must take daily. They can be progestin-only or progestin-and-estrogen.
• Contraceptive patch – A patch that a woman applies on her skin once a week. Hormones are released into the bloodstream via the patch.
• Vaginal ring – A thin, flexible ring. The woman places the ring into her vagina, which continues to release hormones for three weeks. She will take it out for the fourth week and replace it with a new ring.
• Injectable birth control – A hormone injection given to a lady every three months. Health providers can complete this process at their clinic.
• Implant – A single, thin rod that is inserted under the skin of a woman’s upper arm by a provider. It is completed at your provider’s office. The implant has a four-year lifespan.
• Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs)Intrauterine device (IUD) – A tiny, T-shaped device inserted into the uterus by a provider. IUDs have a lifespan of 3 to 10 years. There are two kinds of IUDs: hormonal IUDs and copper IUDs.

Sterilization

• Tubal ligation – A surgical procedure that prevents a woman from becoming pregnant. It is irreversible.
• Vasectomy – A operation that prevents a man from getting someone pregnant permanently.
• Some methods of pregnancy prevention do not include medications, gadgets, or surgery; these include:
• Fertility awareness-based methods (Calendar Method) – They are sometimes referred to as natural rhythm procedures. They entail tracking the woman’s fertility cycle, abstaining from intercourse, or utilizing barrier techniques on days when she is most likely to become pregnant. This procedure may produce more pregnancies than others.
• Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) – A natural birth control for breastfeeding mothers. It relies on the new mother feeding her infant just breastmilk for up to six months and not having periods or spotting during that time.
• Withdrawal – Before ejaculation, the penis is drawn out of the vagina during intercourse. The goal is to keep sperm out of the vagina. However, because sperm can slip out before the penis is pulled out, this procedure has a higher pregnancy rate than others. It does not protect against STDs.
• Emergency contraception should not be used as a standard method of birth control. However, everyone can use it to prevent pregnancy following unprotected intercourse or if a condom fails. These includes:
  • Copper IUD: A copper IUD is a small, T-shaped device that the provider implants within 120 hours following unprotected intercourse.
  • Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs): hormonal pills that a woman should take as soon as possible after unprotected intercourse.
• Among all the given examples of birth control, the most effective is abstinence (AB-stih-nints). If two people do not have intercourse, sperm cannot fertilize an egg, and pregnancy is impossible. 
• For all contraception, it is essential to consult your healthcare provider to find the proper birth control suited for you.

RELATIONSHIP AND BOUNDARIES

• It’s no surprise that relationships are the foundation of society. Friends, coworkers, and family are part of our relationship circles everywhere, at home and work. We make friends from the moment we start kindergarten and school. Human beings are in relationships with one another.
• Setting boundaries in our relationships is a good way of expressing what we are and are not comfortable with.
• Approaching limits with someone else necessitates the consent and confidence of all parties concerned.
• Our personal and professional limits may differ. Our immediate family members may have distinct boundaries from our distant relatives. You could want your employer to have different boundaries than your close coworkers.
• Understanding these two notions is critical whether we are trespassing on someone else’s boundaries or defining our own to defend our physical, mental, or emotional space.
• The mutual agreement of individuals to engage in an activity is referred to as consent. Consent is the most critical component of a mutually satisfying partnership.
• Any action or activity performed without the consent of one of the parties is not only immoral or unethical, but it may also be criminal. It is essential to understand the boundaries of all parties involved. It necessitates trust, transparency, and honesty.
• It essentially entails questioning the person before crossing certain lines. These limits can be:
  • physical boundaries concerning personal space,
  • touch-related intimate boundaries
  • information limits associated with sharing someone’s data or specific data with them, and
  • linguistic limits related to the type of language used for or around the person
• When engaging on any or all of the four types of boundaries, it is critical to gain consent. Seeking permission should be second nature to us.
• We can request consent in person, online, indoors, on the street, and in any format.
• Things that an individual may be sensitive about must be approved first. Before photographing someone, for example, one must obtain permission.
• It also applies to our virtual encounters. Many people mistake sending unsolicited images of private regions to others. Several internet portals take action against such offenders to ensure the safety of their platforms. Another example is sharing someone’s information or contact information without first verifying it.
• Forcing or pushing someone’s boundaries in a relationship does not have to be physical. It can take many different shapes. 
• A toxic relationship exists when one partner verbally abuses another or emotionally blackmails the other into doing something they are uncomfortable with (for example, exchanging nudes).
• If one individual does not speak or is shy, the other can always ask and clarify their willingness. No means no.
• A healthy relationship is characterized by mutual safety and respect—a relationship founded on honesty, transparency, and trust results in a less violent society. 
• Individuals must be taught not just how to respect limits but also how to enforce their boundaries and grant consent, as well as what to do if they require assistance.
• Boundaries must be observed in all settings, from personal to professional to social. One must seek permission EVERY TIME.

SEXUAL HEALTH EDUCATION POLICY

• The Chicago Public Schools Sexual Health Education pledges that their policy offers the district students sex education that is comprehensive, age-appropriate, and medically accurate. It stresses abstinence while not eliminating knowledge about contraception to prevent unwanted pregnancies and STIs. 
• Individual schools may meet the policy’s standards by implementing curricula and initiatives best suited to local needs. Furthermore, the policy mandates that (1) any teacher delivering SHE instruction attend relevant CPS training and (2) schools that use outside consultants for SHE instruction ensure that these providers are district-approved.

Sex Education Worksheets

This is a fantastic bundle that includes everything you need to know about Sex Education across 35 in-depth pages. These are ready-to-use worksheets that are perfect for teaching kids about Sex Education, which teaches information about body development, sex, sexuality, and relationships, as well as skill development, to assist young people in communicating about sex and making educated decisions about their sexual health.

Complete List of Included Worksheets

Below is a list of all the worksheets included in this document.

1. Sex Education Facts
2. Fact or Bluff
3. Sex Education as New Normal
4. Relationships
5. The Genderbread
6. Birth Control
7. Stages of Reproduction
8. Lack of Sex Education
9. Sexual Health
10. Editorial Cartoon
11. Infographics

Frequently Asked Questions

What is unique about sex education?

Sex education gives young people the tools and understanding they need to maintain healthy sexual relationships. They discover how to make sound choices concerning sex, question the world around them in a thoughtful manner, support those who are disadvantaged, and gain a greater appreciation for themselves. With this type of education, these individuals have an opportunity for lifelong well-being.

Who invented sex education?

School-based sex education started in Sweden in 1955. Many Western European countries adopted this form of instruction during the 1970s and 1980s, including France, the United Kingdom, Portugal, Spain, Estonia, Ukraine, and Armenia.

Is sex education a good thing?

According to research, when students are provided with comprehensive sex education, they feel more informed and empowered to make safer choices resulting in fewer unplanned pregnancies and more excellent protection against STDs and other infections.

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Link will appear as Sex Education Facts & Worksheets: https://kidskonnect.com - KidsKonnect, October 20, 2022