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Intellectual Disability Facts & Worksheets

Intellectual Disability, also known as ID, is a condition that affects how a person learns and does things in everyday life. It happens when a person’s brain works differently and they may need extra help with acquiring knowledge and applying it.

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Intellectual Disability, also known as ID, is a condition that affects how a person learns and does things in everyday life. It happens when a person’s brain works differently and they may need extra help with acquiring knowledge and applying it. ID can be mild, moderate, severe, or profound, depending on how much it affects a person’s abilities. There are many reasons why someone might have ID, like differences in their brain, genetics, complications during birth, or external factors.

See the fact file below for more information about Intellectual Disability, or you can download our 26-page Intellectual Disability worksheet pack to utilize within the classroom or home environment.

Key Facts & Information

OVERVIEW

  • Intellectual disability (ID), once known as mental retardation, is a condition where someone’s brain works differently.
  • ID makes it hard for them to learn and do things like others without ID can do smoothly.
  • This condition is diagnosed when a person’s IQ (intelligence quotient) is below 70, and they struggle with basic everyday tasks like thinking, problem-solving, and social skills.
  • Even though people with ID might face challenges, they can still achieve their goals and live their lives to the fullest with the proper support and help from others.

HISTORY

  • Throughout history, people with intellectual disability (ID) have faced discrimination and mistreatment.
  • In ancient Greece and Rome, they were often considered less than human, with limited rights and opportunities.
  • However, some leaders, like Caliph Al-Walid, built care homes for them.
  • Until the Enlightenment, families, and religious institutions provided basic care for people with ID, but negative stereotypes persisted. 
  • Laws in England even said people with ID couldn’t make decisions.
  • In the 17th century, a doctor named Thomas Willis described ID as a brain condition, linking it to structural abnormalities.
  • In North America, ID falls under developmental disability.
  • In the 18th and 19th centuries, many people with ID were placed in large institutions where they faced harsh conditions and received minimal education.
  • Pioneers like Jean-Marc-Gaspard Itard and Edouard Séguin were instrumental in creating the first educational methods designed specifically for people with intellectual disabilities.
  • There was a rise in the eugenics movement, which was about sterilizing people with intellectual disabilities so they couldn’t have children.
  • Later on, people started to think differently and wanted to include individuals with intellectual disabilities in regular society.
  • This was called the deinstitutionalization movement.
  • In the 20th century, standardized tests for intelligence were developed, and the term “mental retardation” became common. 
  • However, organizations like Civitans began advocating for better treatment.
  • Laws like the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 in the United States were made to make sure everyone got a fair chance at education.
  • Doctors learned more about intellectual disabilities, and new laws were made to protect the rights of people with disabilities, like the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 2006.
  • Today, it is preferable to use terms like “intellectual disability” to describe this condition, though discrimination still exists.

CAUSES AND PREVALENCE

  • Before birth, it might be due to genetic issues like Down syndrome or problems during pregnancy like infections or substance use. 
  • During birth, complications such as lack of oxygen or being born early can also play a role.
  • After birth, head injuries, infections, or not getting enough nutrients can contribute, too.
  • The number of people affected by intellectual disability varies around the world.
  • In places with good healthcare and education, the numbers are lower.
  • Also, how different societies view and talk about intellectual disability can affect how many cases are reported.
  • Overall, around 1-3% of people worldwide have intellectual disabilities.

TYPES

  • ID can be grouped into two types: syndromic and non-syndromic. 
  • Syndromic ID means it happens with other medical or behavioral issues.
  • Down syndrome, Rett syndrome, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and fragile X syndrome are examples of syndromic ID. 
    • Down syndrome is due to an extra chromosome and causes unique facial features and heart problems.
    • Rett syndrome is mostly seen in girls and causes significant difficulties in speaking and moving.
    • ASD involves challenges with social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors.
    • Fragile X syndrome is caused by a gene mutation and can lead to social anxiety and hyperactivity.
  • Non-syndromic ID stands alone without other problems.
  • It doesn’t have clear genetic markers and is often caused by a mix of genetic, environmental, and prenatal factors.
  • 2 to 3% of people have ID, with most having mild forms.

DIAGNOSIS

  • ID diagnosis usually starts with checking development during childhood to spot any delays.
  • Tests are then used to measure IQ, language skills, memory, and how well someone can do things like communicate and take care of themselves.
  • Doctors also look for any health issues that could be causing problems and gather information from those who know the person well.
  • Doctors may also work with teachers and psychologists to diagnose a person who potentially has ID.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

  • In kids, ID might show as delays in sitting up, crawling, or talking.
  • Other common signs include trouble understanding and using language, remembering things, and solving problems.
  • They might struggle with basic tasks like dressing or washing themselves, and they might find it difficult to make friends or understand social rules.
  • In school, they might have trouble with reading, writing, or solving math problems.
  • Sometimes, they act out because they are frustrated.
  • Some might have physical signs like unique facial features, sensory impairments, or growth issues. 
  • It’s important to know that the level of disability can vary a lot between individuals.

MANAGEMENT

  • While there’s no cure for ID, with the right support, most people can learn and accomplish many things.
  • Early detection of causes, like congenital hypothyroidism, can help prevent intellectual disability from developing.
  • Various treatments and strategies involve families and caregivers to help individuals with intellectual disabilities learn and grow.
  • While there are no specific medications for intellectual disability, some people may need medication for related issues, like behavior problems.
  • It’s important to monitor these medications closely due to possible side effects.

COMMON CHALLENGES

  • Communication can be tough, making it hard to express themselves or understand things easily.
  • Learning and school can also be difficult.
  • Simple tasks like taking care of themselves or managing money might be hard to do alone.
  • Making friends and feeling included in social activities can be a struggle due to stigma and discrimination.
  • Accessing healthcare and support services can also be limited.
  • Creating an inclusive environment and having readily available support are crucial to overcoming these challenges.

RIGHTS

  • The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, signed by over 180 countries, sets basic standards for the rights of disabled people.
  • However, in several U.S. states and European Union countries, individuals with intellectual disabilities are not allowed to vote.

Intellectual Disability Worksheets

This fantastic bundle includes everything you need to know about Intellectual Disability across 26 in-depth pages. These ready-to-use worksheets are perfect for teaching kids about Intellectual Disability. ID can be mild, moderate, severe, or profound, depending on how much it affects a person’s abilities. There are many reasons why someone might have ID, like differences in their brain, genetics, complications during birth, or external factors.

Complete List of Included Worksheets

Below is a list of all the worksheets included in this document.

  1. Intellectual Disability Facts
  2. ID Quiz
  3. True or False
  4. Find and Define
  5. Caringly Yours
  6. Pioneering Physicians
  7. Web of Causes
  8. Disability Discussion
  9. Run, Forrest, Run!
  10. Storytelling Time
  11. Dedicated Artwork

Frequently Asked Questions

What is intellectual disability?

Intellectual disability is a developmental disorder characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning (such as reasoning, learning, problem-solving) and adaptive behavior, which affects a person’s everyday social and practical skills. It typically originates before the age of 18.

What causes intellectual disability?

Intellectual disability can be caused by various factors, including genetic conditions (such as Down syndrome or fragile X syndrome), prenatal exposure to toxins or infections, complications during childbirth, or environmental factors affecting brain development.

How is intellectual disability diagnosed?

Diagnosis of intellectual disability involves comprehensive assessments of a person’s intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. This may include standardized tests, interviews, medical evaluations, and observations of the individual’s daily functioning. The diagnosis is made based on criteria outlined in diagnostic manuals such as the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders).

What are some common challenges faced by individuals with intellectual disabilities?

People with intellectual disabilities may face challenges in various aspects of life, including academic achievement, social relationships, employment opportunities, and independent living skills. They may require additional support and accommodations to thrive in these areas.

How can society support individuals with intellectual disabilities?

Society can support individuals with intellectual disabilities by promoting inclusive education, providing access to appropriate healthcare services, offering vocational training and employment opportunities, and creating supportive environments that respect their rights and dignity. Additionally, raising awareness, reducing stigma, and advocating for policies that protect the rights of people with intellectual disabilities are crucial steps towards fostering inclusion and equality.

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Link will appear as Intellectual Disability Facts & Worksheets: https://kidskonnect.com - KidsKonnect, April 4, 2024

Use With Any Curriculum

These worksheets have been specifically designed for use with any international curriculum. You can use these worksheets as-is, or edit them using Google Slides to make them more specific to your own student ability levels and curriculum standards.

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