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Amedeo Avogadro Facts & Worksheets

Amedeo Avogadro was an Italian mathematical physicist who did research on gas volume, pressure, and temperature.

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Amedeo Avogadro was an Italian mathematical physicist who did research on gas volume, pressure, and temperature. Aside from his contribution to molecular theory, Avogadro was also the first scientist who discovered the existence of elements in the form of molecules.

See the fact file below for more information on the Amedeo Avogadro or alternatively, you can download our 20-page Amedeo Avogadro worksheet pack to utilise within the classroom or home environment.

Key Facts & Information

EARLY LIFE AND FAMILY

  • Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro, born on August 9, 1776 in Turin, Italy, came from a well-off family. His father, Count Filippo Avogadro, was a lawyer and senator in the Piedmont region of Italy. His mother, Anna Vercellone of Biella, was a noblewoman.
  • Because of his father’s label of nobility, he inherited the title; thus, having a full name of Count Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo di Quaregna e di Cerreto.
  • In 1815, he married his wife, Felicita Mazze of Biella, and had six children.

EDUCATION

  • Following his family’s footsteps, he earned degrees in law. At the age of 20, he was awarded a doctorate in canon law and began practicing as an ecclesiastical lawyer.
  • In 1800, he secretly pursued mathematics and physics, including chemistry, after gradually losing interest in legal matters.

CAREER BEGINNINGS

  • In 1803, with the help of his brother, he published his first scientific paper about the electrical behavior of salt solutions.
  • In 1806, Avogadro started teaching mathematics and physics at a Liceo, a high school in Vercelli. Three years later, he became a senior teacher at the College of Vercelli.
  • He taught mathematical physics at the University of Turin in 1820. Three years later, he lost his job because of his participation in the revolutionary movement.
  • In 1833, he got reappointed to the university. In 1850, he retired from teaching at the age of 74.

SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS

  • Avogadro was deeply interested about the behavior of the fundamental particles of matter and studied the works of these scientists: (1) John Dalton’s atomic theory which states that all matter is made of atoms, all atoms of an element are alike, and atoms of different elements have varying masses, and (2) Joseph Gay-Lussac’s law of combining volumes of gases.
  • Avogadro used Hydrogen gas in his experiments and labelled three kinds of “molecules”: molecule of a compound (molécule intégrante), molecule of an element (molécule constituante), and atom (molécule élémentaire).
  • In 1811, he corrected Dalton’s formula for water – it was made of one Hydrogen atom and one Oxygen atom, written as HO.
  • Aside from water, Avogadro also provided the correct molecular formula for nitric and nitrous oxides, Ammonia, Carbon Monoxide, and Hydrogen Chloride.
  • He also published a paper in Journal de Physique and provided the best explanation for Gay-Lussac’s law of combining volumes. He proposed that given constant temperature and pressure, equal volumes of gases contain equal number of molecules – Avogadro’s Law.
  • According to him, as volume increases, the number of particles also increases. This is a proof why two liters of gaseous water is formed when two liters of Hydrogen gas combine with a liter of Oxygen gas. Therefore, his chemical formula for water is: 2H2 (gas) + O2 (gas) → 2H2O(gas)
  • Since the volume of gaseous water formed was twice the volume of Oxygen, the reacting “particles” of the latter needed to have two atoms of the element Oxygen in a single, compound structure – “molecule”. That is why Oxygen and Hydrogen gases have molecules that each contain two atoms of the element.
  • Avogadro was the first scientist to propose that elements could exist as molecules rather than individual atoms.
  • A mole (symbol: mol) is the base unit of amount of substance. Therefore, one mole (1 mol) of a substance contains 6.023 x 10²³ particles of the substance.
  • In 1814, he defined the formulas for Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Disulfide, Sulfur Dioxide, and Hydrogen Sulfide. This same year, he published an article about gas densities.
  • Avogadro introduced the standardization of measurements for scientists from different countries to easily understand and compare each other’s work.
  • His hypothesis about the gas law was not accepted until 1858, two years after his death, where Stanislao Cannizzaro was able to prove his theory with some organic chemical exceptions.

Amedeo Avogadro Worksheets

This is a fantastic bundle which includes everything you need to know about Amedeo Avogadro across 20 in-depth pages. These are ready-to-use Amedeo Avogadro worksheets that are perfect for teaching students about Amedeo Avogadro who was an Italian mathematical physicist who did research on gas volume, pressure, and temperature. Aside from his contribution to molecular theory, Avogadro was also the first scientist who discovered the existence of elements in the form of molecules.

Complete List Of Included Worksheets

  • Amedeo Avogadro Facts
  • Whos is Amedeo Avogadro
  • His Early Life
  • Life of Avogadro
  • Avogadro’s LaW
  • Ideal Gas Law
  • Debunked
  • Atomic Theory
  • It Matters
  • States of Water
  • Rejected Hypothesis

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