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Five Dynasties of Delhi Sultanate Facts & Worksheets

The Delhi Sultanates were the five short-lived Muslim kingdoms of Turkic and Pashtun (Afghan) that ruled northern India between 1206 and 1526.

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The Delhi Sultanates were the five short-lived Muslim kingdoms of Turkic and Pashtun (Afghan) that ruled northern India between 1206 and 1526.

See the fact file below for more information on the Five Dynasties of Delhi Sultanate or alternatively, you can download our 23-page Five Dynasties of Delhi Sultanate worksheet pack to utilise within the classroom or home environment.

Key Facts & Information

BACKGROUND OF THE SULTANATE

  • After the entry of Islam in South Asia, Muhammad Ghori invaded India in 1175 CE. After the conquest of Multan and Punjab, he advanced towards Delhi.
  • Rajput chiefs of northern India headed by Prithviraj Chauhan defeated him in the First Battle of Tarain in 1191 CE. but was eventually defeated after a decisive battle the following year.
  • This laid the foundations of Muslim rule in northern India in the following years.
  • Following the war, Delhi sultanates were established as an initial process of assimilation and accommodation between the Muslim culture and traditions of Central Asia and the Hindu culture and traditions of India.
  • During this period, five dynasties ruled in Delhi. These were the Slave dynasty (1206-90), Khilji dynasty (1290-1320), Tughlaq dynasty (1320-1413), Sayyid dynasty (1414-51), and Lodi dynasty (1451-1526).

THE MAMLUK (SLAVE) DYNASTY

  • Mamluk refers to slave soldiers, freed slaves, Muslim converts assigned to military and administrative duties, and Muslim rulers of slave origin.
  • The slave dynasty was the first Muslim dynasty to rule India and ruled the Sub-continent for about 84 years.
  • The slave of Muhammad Ghori, Qutub-ud-din Aibak, became the ruler after the death of his master.
  • He was was known to have built the 238-foot high stone tower known as Qutub Minar in Delhi.
  • Qutb-ud-din Aibak, Shams-ud-din Iltutmush and Ghiyas-ud-din Balban were the three great Sultans of the era.
  • The next important king of the slave dynasty was Shams-ud-din Iltutmush, the slave of Qutub-ud-din Aibak. He ruled from 1211 to 1236.
  • Under Iltutmish, the kingdom established itself with an organized army and a coin currency known as Tanka.
  • After ruling for 25 years, he nominated his daughter Raziya Sultan as the heir. She was an able ruler, but since she was a woman, she was faced with opposition and was murdered.
  • The last good emperor of the dynasty was Ghiyasuddin Balban (1266-1286). His army was trained effectively and had expertise in weaponry. This is what helped them fight against the Mongols.
  • His court was a platform for poets and artists and he valued dignity and proper governance in his empire.

THE KHILJI DYNASTY

  • Balban’s successors suffered revolt, so the the nobles placed Jalal-ud-din Khilji on the throne which marked the beginning of the Khilji dynasty. However, he was killed and Alauddin became the Sultan (1296-1316).
  • He was the first Muslim ruler whose empire covered almost whole of India, conquering Gujarat, Ranthambhor, Chittor, Malwa, and Deccan.
  • During his 20 year reign, the Mongols failed to capture his territories. It was the dynasty’s golden age.
  • He developed innovative administrative and revenue reforms, market control regulation, developed warehousing facilities, entered the business of transportation, and provided facilities for the swift movement of goods. Alauddin’s reign was marked by successive conquests.

THE TUGHLAQ DYNASTY

  • The Tughlaqabad Fort was built by the founder of the Tughlaq Dynasty, Ghiyas-ud-din-Tughlaq in 1321. Established as the fifth historic city, the fort was later abandoned in 1327.
  • After Allauddin died, the Khilji dynasty came to an end.
  • Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, who was the Governor of Punjab during the reign of Alauddin, ascended the throne in 1320 CE and founded the Tughlaq dynasty.
  • The dynasty extended its control south over much of modern-day India, mostly under the 26-year reign of Ghiyas-ud-din’s heir Muhammad bin Tughlaq, making its reach the largest it would be across all of the Delhi sultanates.
  • He was then succeeded by Feroz Shah Tughlaq in 1351 and reigned for 37 years. He is known in history for his administrative and economic reforms.
  • Although the Tughlaqs continued to reign until 1412, the invasion of Delhi by Amir Timur (Tamerlane) in 1398 took control of northern India, establishing the basis for the Sayyid Dynasty.

THE SAYYID DYNASTY

  • In 1414, Sayyid Khizr Khan founded the Sayyid Dynasty and ruled for 37 chaotic years, filled with revolts and confusion.
  • He also ruled in the name of Timur so Sayyid could not assume an independent position in all respects.
  • The last ruler who ended the Sayyid dynasty was Muhammad-bin-Farid who abdicated the throne on April 19, 1451 in favor of Bahlul Khan Lodi, founder of the Lodi Dynasty.
  • The dynasty ruled from about 1414 CE to 1450 CE.

THE LODI DYNASTY

  • The rule of the Lodi dynasty began with a view to restoring the Delhi Sultanate’s past glory. He conquered many territories including the powerful kingdom of Jaunpur, Gwalior, and Uttar Pradesh.
  • After his death on July 17, 1489, his second son, Nizam Khan, became the next sultan. He was known to be fond of constructing mosques.
  • He also founded Agra and shifted the capital from Delhi to the new city and conquered Bihar. He was interested in promoting economic activities and ordered the translation of medical works into Persian.
  • After his death in 1517, Ibrahim Lodi succeeded. The last ruler of the dynasty was busy in internal revolts and was eventually ousted by a superior rival, Mughals.
  • The dynasty came to an end in 1526 when Zaheeruddin Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi’s forces in the First Battle of Panipat.
  • Babur later became the first emperor of the Mughal empire.

Five Dynasties of Delhi Sultanate Worksheets

This is a fantastic bundle which includes everything you need to know about the Five Dynasties of Delhi Sultanate across 23 in-depth pages. These are ready-to-use Five Dynasties of Delhi Sultanate worksheets that are perfect for teaching students about the Delhi Sultanates which were the five short-lived Muslim kingdoms of Turkic and Pashtun (Afghan) that ruled northern India between 1206 and 1526.

Complete List Of Included Worksheets

  • Five Dynasties of Delhi Sultanate Period Facts
  • Dynasties in a Nutshell
  • Sultanate Territories
  • Social Structure
  • From Hindu to Islam
  • Mamluk Leaders
  • Khilji Trio
  • Tughlaq Laws
  • Rise and Fall
  • Lodi Illustrated
  • Ancient Restructuring

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